Advocacy for Diverse Clientele Essay

Dealing with the everyday hustle and bustle that life throws at them. African-American women continue to rise above and stand out while doing so. They have been labeled as different, from their parenting style down to their style of dress. These women have also been ridiculed, labeled in a negative manner, and even mistreated. For example, they have earned lower wages than African-American males and whites. On the other hand, they have also been viewed as strong willed individuals. For examples, they have headed more than forty percent of their families while managing careers, and raising children. African-American females are heterogeneous in terms of identity, educational level, and social class. They are a diverse population attempting to rise above the different stereotypes daily. ADVOCACY PROCESSES Advocacy for African American females will lead, develop, and educate them in areas to help them become more aware of their strengths. One advocacy organization is The Coalition of African American Women (CAAW, 2014). The CAAW is a regional coalition of African American women with a goal of enhancing communities of Color in the Deep South. This organization shares information on the state of the African American community; informs and strategizes on how to access resources to support community development and restoration. They also focus on the empowerment, restoration, and development of black women as civic and community leaders. This organization works to develop the positive aspects of the African American woman. CAAW comes together to connect and empower African American women in the Deep South. The National Council of Negro Women leads, develops, and advocates for women of African descent as they support their families and communities. They advocate, conduct research, and provide national and community-based health, education, and economic empowerment services and programs to assist these women (NCNW, 2014). PUBLIC POLICIES Public policies that have affected care provided to African American females would be the Civil Rights Movement, Hate Crimes, Voting Rights, and Racism. These concerns affected the race as a whole and causing oppression, depression, and many additional negative concerns. From this, also came strength and perseverance. The race as a whole has been able to rise above and move forward in a positive direction. STRATEGIES FOR WORKING WITH AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN In counseling African American women, issues involving racial identity and conflict should be explored. Counselors can help African American females counteract negative images associated with being Black and being female; enhancing internal strength by developing pride and dignity in Black womanhood can serve as a buffer to racism and sexism and can prevent the incorporation of negative images into their own belief systems (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 374). Counselors should be aware of the culture and familiar with the struggles and life events that have taken place for African American females in order to relate, build rapport, and be helpful to them. Family strategies for working with African American females include exploring the possibility of extended or nontraditional family arrangements. Therefore, questions should be directed toward clarifying who is living in the home and who helps out. Therapists/Counselors should work to strengthen and increase functionality of the original family structure rather than attempt to change it. One of the strengths of the African American family is that men, women, and children are allowed to adopt multiple roles within the family (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 369). Community strategies for working with African American females include spiritual beliefs. Spiritual beliefs are important to many African Americans and serve as a protective factor in response to stressors. If a client is heavily involved in church activities or has strong religious beliefs, the counselor might consider enlisting church leaders to help the client (or family) deal with social and economic stressors or conflicts involving the family, school, or community. Church personnel often have enhanced understanding of the family dynamics and living conditions of parishioners (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 370). COMMUNITY RESOURCES There are several community resources currently available for African  American women to assist them with everyday living and concerns that may be taking place in their life. One community resource is Black Mental Health Alliance (BMHA). BMHA is a private non-profit 501(C) 3 organization which provides training, consultation, support groups, resource referral, public information, and educational resources regarding mental health and mental illness issues. Additional information can be located at http://www.blackmentalhealth.com/. The National Leadership Council (NLC) is comprised of individuals who share an interest in promoting the strengths & health of African American children, families, and communities. The group represents an array of perspectives including consumers & family members, education, human resource development, nursing, psychiatry & psychology, research, and social work. The NLC seeks to provide leadership in building and supporting behavioral health systems that r educe disparities and contribute to optimal health in our communities. Additional information can be located at http://nlcouncil.com/about.html. A final available resource is the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). NAMI offers a Multicultural Action Center with African American Resources. This resource provides personal stories and quotes as well as important information on mental illness and how it affects the family in a real-world tone. This colorful resource carries the messages to the African Americans that they are not alone, recovery is possible, and identifies where to find more information and where to seek help. Additional information can be located at http://www.nami.org. History denotes policies that impacted the delivery and accessibility of services to African Americans. However, in 1964, the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination. Discrimination was banned, but individuals continue to be discriminated against and oppressed because of the color of their skin, how they dress, where they live, and with whom they associate with. Working with diverse population can be very rewarding. Meeting different people and learning from their backgrounds can be very informative. This interaction can also be complex in the fact of gathering research and learning different practice issues. Therefore, counselors should be culturally competent and develop a broad awakening related to one’s knowledge of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors different from theirs. References Black Mental Health Alliance. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.blackmentalhealth.com/. Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy. (2014). Coalition of African American Women. Retrieved from http://www.gcclp.org. National Alliance on Mental Illness (2014). Multicultural Action Center. Retrieved from http://www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Find_Support/Multicultural_Support/Resources/African_American_Resources.htm. National Council of Negro Women. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ncnw.org/. National Leadership Council. (n.d.). African American Behavioral Health. Retrieved from http://nlcouncil.com/about.html. Sue, D., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Outline of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Introduction Throughout history, humans have been migrating in and out and settling in different areas of the region. Migrating and settling causes people to come together and spread their ideas to others which causes civilizations. Each civilization is created to be equal but separate in their own ways. They are all related to each other in different ways. They have shared similar beliefs, experiences and obstacles. They are both unique culturally, politically and socially. * Thesis: Two civilizations which are similar and different individually are Egypt and Mesopotamia.II. Differences * Geographical Differences 1. Egypt developed North and South hugging the banks of the Nile River Valley. * The Nile River systematically floods which flooded the surrounding banks and made the soil exceptionally rich. * Egypt bordered on the side of sea and dessert which was difficult to invade and conquer it. 2. Mesopotamia has the Tigris and Euphrates River, commonly referred to â€Å"Fertile Cre scent. † * Mesopotamia was formed in between these two rivers. * When Mesopotamia has a flood, they are forced to supply their agricultural lands. Mesopotamia land was easily opened for attack. * Writing Differences 1. Egypt created Hieroglyphics which developed from pictographs to advanced letters. 2. Mesopotamia created cuneiforms which are wedged shaped characters * Political Differences 1. Egypt had a Pharaoh which was passed down from father to son that established a long lasting dynasty. * The Pharaoh was viewed as god-liked and has magical powers. 2. Mesopotamia had a king but their king was usually deposed by invading forces due to the area's poor defensive position. Social Differences 1. In Egypt females had more opportunities to rise in life 2. Mesopotamia had different classes of slaves but all were still treated as properties. * Cultural Differences 1. Egypt did not have a law system set at the time 2. Mesopotamia had the Hammurabi Code which were orders given to c haotic places* Egypt had a longer continuous civilization than Mesopotamia III. Similarities * They were both similar by being polytheistic, believing in more than one god * They both later moved to a sort of monarchy Both of their system led to the creation of strict social classes that usually included a class for priests, traders, farmers and laborers. * Egypt and Mesopotamia both created pyramid structures * These two civilizations both first developed advance systems of writing. * Egypt and Mesopotamia created calendars beginning with the sun’s or moon’s cycle * These two civilizations both used their main rivers for trades and access to a major source of freshwater. * They used their river valleys for water for fertile crops and both have floods. Both of these civilization has structures which organizes classes within groups IV. Conclusion * Restate thesis * Till this day, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are still known as a huge impact in history. * Brief summary of the important similarities and differences * Why was the history of these two civilizations important? * What were some things that these civilization spread throughout and the result of it? * How are these two civilization related to today? * Analysis of this essay * End with a personal statement

Elementary Educator Essay

To become an instrument of education is a privilege that allows one to free ignorant minds. Next to food, clothing and shelter, education sustains an individual’s life. And this education has the most impact in the early years of childhood. Counting a few years into the future, I would like to have the opportunity to play an important role as an elementary educator. Early Education What we are now, what sustains us as we become adults, is the culmination of our experiences and education through the years. Education in the early stages of life is the most crucial. The things we are taught when we are young are carried over the years when we become adults. As one book title goes, â€Å"all I ever need to know I learned in kindergarten,† and that I believe in. At some point in our lives, we will always go back to the basics. Early education accounts for all the basic skills that we need to know — arts, music, math, science, language and social studies. It begins with learning through play. Later on, the elementary educator becomes responsible for gradually changing the medium of instruction from games to more formal means such as classroom teaching. More depth into the subjects is now incorporated and various modes of teaching are practiced. It now involves passing on knowledge from the teacher to the student in the most effective way possible. For the most part, it is important that educators are intelligent and well-educated themselves. Not only do they need to have the desire to teach but they also need to have the desire to practice lifelong learning. Teaching entails accurate and up-to-date knowledge in the various areas of study. The daily routine involves preparing lesson plans, creating visuals, learning and teaching technology, administering examinations, evaluating presentations and overseeing activities among others. It is the educator’s responsibility to pique his students’ attention and to keep them focused on the goal of learning. The responsibility, however, does not end in the technicalities of the job. Apart from formal instruction, there are other classroom duties that the educator needs to oversee wherein students can also learn (Wingo and Schorling, 6). These duties teach students to be responsible and develop soft skills such as management, leadership and organization among others. Therefore, it is also important that educators understand and are able to practice these soft skills themselves. To be considered a successful teacher, however, requires going beyond these roles and responsibilities. To be a great teacher is to provide guidance toward emotional and social maturity (Wingo and Schorling, 15). And to do this, the educator’s sincerity needs to be seen by the students to inspire respect and trust. Once the respect and trust is established, the relationship will take on a higher level of confidence. Given these roles and responsibilities, it is only appropriate that those, such as me, who wish to be educators, be required to have earned at least a bachelor’s degree (a degree in Childhood Education is required for those who wish to teach in private institutions), completed an approved teacher training program and be licensed (Teachers par. 1). The degree ensures that the educator is equipped with the right knowledge and tools to teach. The training ensures the educator is prepared to take on the challenge that he is about to be involved in. But only experience can teach the educator establishing effective learning and personal relationships in the actual environment. Envisioning a Lifelong Career The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that 1 in 4 Americans are enrolled in educational institutions. This fact equates to 13 million jobs in the education industry. To further add to the statistics, employment is highest in elementary and secondary schools. School attendance is compulsory until age 16 – more students, more teachers needed. As for the wages, it increases as the level of educational attainment increases. Elementary school teachers are reported to average at 43,000USD. Given these numbers from the BLS of the U. S Department of Labor, I can assess that I am looking at a promising career in the education industry. There is a demand for workers in the field given the number of students required to take early education. I am looking at job stability with this demand and its fair share of wages. In a few years, expected retirements will also create job openings. If eventually I come to the decision that I would want to move forward in my career, there is very high potential that I will be able to do so. All I need to do is pursue my studies further so I can move up the next level of teaching. The good thing about being in the education industry is that the need for learning will never cease. And the learning areas that exist are endless. There are a number of options one can have from preschool education to middle school and secondary education to vocational and special education. One can choose to be in a public or private institution. Learning becomes very rewarding because it becomes possible not only for the students but for the teacher as well. A curriculum exists to be followed but the creativity in the execution of this curriculum is left to the teacher. However, as with any other career, frustrations can arise with learning motivation problems. And it is an educator’s duty to understand his students and inspire motivation (Wyse, 2). Behavioral issues are also concerns of the teacher. Even violence whether minimal or very brutal (i. e. killings as reported in the news), is possible. Handling these kinds of situations can be very tough but it is part of an educator’s duties. Resolution of these problems requires the establishment of good teacher-student relationships through gaining trust and respect and the development of a healthy classroom environment. Overall, I look at being an elementary educator with more advantages than downsides. The potential for my growth in this field, given the degree that I am pursuing, is something I am looking forward to. To be able to contribute to this nation’s progress through honing the skills of our students and enriching their minds is an honorable achievement.

What does Jackson's Knowledge Argument show Essay

What does Jackson's Knowledge Argument show - Essay Example It endeavors to dispute the theory that all knowledge is physical knowledge Mary that Jackson uses in his experiment is a renowned scientist who has a fully-fledged awareness of color but has never had the opportunity to experience color. The question of utmost interest here is whether upon realizing color she will be able to learn something new. In this experiment, the major assumption is the fact that she has prior physical knowledge of color before her release from the black and white room. When she was released from the black and white room she obtained new knowledge. Based on this premise, it was justifiable to conclude that knowledge in its entirety is not physical (Nida-Rà ¼melin, 13). The fact that Mary acquired new knowledge upon her alteration of the environment is proof enough that â€Å"qualia† is valid and exists. Qualia refer to the subjective, qualitative characteristics of experiences that are deemed to be free from the influence of behavior and disposition (Jackson, 7). Jackson asserts that the quale are real and that there is glaring distinction between an individual who has access to a particular quale and one who is not privy to the same. The knowledge argument propagates that if indeed Mary evidently learned something new when she experienced color, then the theory of physicalism is a fallacy. According to the knowledge argument, one is only capable of the experience of color if she gets to have a visual contact with it. The premise here is that despite the fact that Mary was proficient in the science of color perception, she learned something new through experiencing it. In his seminal article, Jackson differs with other proponents of knowledge theory by analyzing the case of a person, Fred, who is capable of seeing color which is unknown to normal human perceivers (Jackson, 17). The knowledge argument is based on the premise that a person, who has a complete physical knowledge on

Two different responses Discussion 3 JP , and Discussion 4 JB Essay

Two different responses Discussion 3 JP , and Discussion 4 JB - Essay Example Your premise that employees should be evaluated on a six month basis is right on target. Companies have to know how effective and productive an employee is. The human capital of a firm is its most valuable asset (Mayhew, 2013). I agree with you that companies too often put aside their strategic plans for the future instead of acting on them to improve the operations of the company. You are right in your premise that the employees of the firm should be involved in the strategic planning process. A good technique to increase the level of responsibility of an employee is through delegation. Delegation can be defined as the act of empowering another person to perform a job task (Mirriam-webster, 2013). Teamwork and cooperation are very important behaviors that can help enhance the productivity and efficiency of a company. The concept of teamwork is extremely important towards the success of any organization (Brianmac, 2012). As you said it is important to revise the strategic plan of a company several times during a year because the market conditions are often

Different approaches to strategy development might be appropriate in Essay - 1

Different approaches to strategy development might be appropriate in different organisations - Essay Example This paper will discuss how different approaches to strategy development might be appropriate in different organizations. Wherever business executives sit to deliberate on their corporate strategy, they always begin by critically examining the industry or the existing environmental conditions from which they operate in. they then follow this by examining both the strong and weak points of their competitors. With the industry and competitive aspects in scope, they then set out to establish a unique strategic position that can give them an opportunity to outperform their competitors. In order to attain such a competitive advantage, an organization has to come up with development strategies that differentiate it from other organizations that are dealing in the same products and it does this mostly by lowering their prices. This also calls for the organization to place its value chain strategically and to come up with manufacturing, marketing, and human resources development strategies in the process. This then gives the organization room to set up its budgetary allocations for its operations (Sterman, 200 0). Using the above analogy, one thing that comes out clearly is that the options that any organization has are defined by the environment under which it operates and this means that strategy is impacted by structure. It is therefore logical to conclude that an organization that sells its goods online would have a varied development strategy from another organization that has physical shops for its goods and services. This â€Å"structuralist† approach has been the subject of discussion for over three decades now and more organizations are adopting it in the new model of industrial organizational economics. According to this new paradigm, the performance of an organization is greatly dependent on how it conducts itself and this conduct is in turn greatly impacted by the existing

Homework Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework Problem - Assignment Example Question 3: The University of Iowa is experimenting with a blend of soil amendments to be used in an analysis of variance study of the response of tomatoes to various amounts of sunlight.   To perform this study, all other elements must be controlled so that the only variable is the sunlight.   The minimum requirements for calcium, phosphorous, and potassium are 125 pounds, 150 pounds, and 120 pounds respectively.   The soil amendment mixture from Prairie Gold consist of 25% calcium, 25% phosphorous, 14% potassium, and 36% other ingredients.   It costs $0.60 per ounce.   The mixture from Grinell Grow is 20% calcium, 25% phosphorous, 25% potassium, and 30% other ingredients.   It sells for $0.80 per ounce Formulate a linear programming model that will allow the University of Iowa to conduct this experiment using a minimum cost blend of the two soil amendment mixtures. State clearly the Objective Function and the Constraints (if any) Question 5: Given these parameters:   ÃŽ » = 25 per hour, ÃŽ ¼ = 30 per hour, and Wq  = .3 hours, calculate the average number of customers in the system, average number of customers in the queue, and the average time a customer spends in the system using Littles Formulas. Question 6: An investor studied the percentage rates of return of three different gold funds. Random samples of percentage rates of return for four periods were taken from each fund. The results appear in the table

Ethical Study Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Study Review - Assignment Example This paper will discuss the scenario given according to the guidelines provided. Objective analysis is paramount in understanding an ethical dilemma. According to the scenario, we are told that the 96-year-old suffers from liver cancer. There are no other complications mentioned in the details. Moreover, one is not able to assert the advancement of the disease. The National Cancer Institute points out that the symptoms associated with liver cancer are unusually severe. Some of the most regular symptoms that are presented by patients who are diagnosed with liver cancer include pain in the upper abdomen, lumps in the upper abdomen, loss of appetite, yellow skin and eyes, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. According to the details given, the 96-year-old patient depicts these symptoms. The second person of interest is the daughter of the patient who is a naturopathic physician. Naturopathic physicians are trained in naturopathy practices that are regarded as traditional approaches to healt h-related issues. The daughter insists that she has the capability of healing her father with some smelly tarry substance. Research shows that chemical poisoning symptoms are similar to those depicted by liver cancer patients. The fact that the patient is in pain can draw several suggestions. Firstly, the daughter’s drugs can be reacting with other treatments; secondly, the daughter could probably be poisoning her father; lastly, since his liver is not functioning appropriately, there is a probability that the patient has an accumulation of toxins in his body. There is an ethical dilemma according to the scenario presented. An ethical dilemma can be defined as a complex circumstance which involves an apparent mental disagreement between moral imperatives. For example, human beings have certain complex relationships that cannot be avoided: If a person tries to murder another individual, therefore, there is a high prospect that the probable murderer is mentally disturbed. There fore, the best method of resolving ethical dilemmas is through the ethical decision making techniques. In most cases, ethical decision making involves five chief steps. They should be in a position to recognize the dilemma as an ethical issue, which requires knowledgeable individuals. Secondly, the individuals involved should be able to gather all the facts that correspond to the ethical dilemma. Thirdly, they should appropriately evaluate some of the optional actions they can employ when addressing the ethical dilemma. The most prevalent approaches to ethical dilemmas include the utilitarian approach, rights-based approach, virtue approach, common good approach, and justice approach. Fourthly, the individuals have the right to test the decision that they have taken, and, lastly, they are able to resolve their ethical dilemma with the decision met. On the contrary, ethical decision-making is not easy, but one can arrive at the right decisions by following these five procedural steps . Moreover, the individuals should not overlook the consequences that might be brought about by resolution of the ethical dilemmas. This ensures that the resolution of the dilemma does not inflict any form of harm to any of the parties involved. In relation to the scenario, the other hospital attendants are seemingly upset, since they think that his daughter is hastening the death of the father. Furthermore, there is no clear license that depicts the

The Appalachians in North America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Appalachians in North America - Essay Example Mitchell., Additionally, the Appalachian mountain ranges also include ridges and valleys1. Appalachian is a name that is believed to have been derived from the Apalachee Indians who were believed to be the pioneers of the place and were mostly woodsmen. Early Appalachian was full of valleys and huge gaps that were not easily navigable thus hindering transportation and various activities. This writing analyses some of the significance of the Appalachian Mountains both in geographical perspective and in the society. The Appalachian Mountains re of great importance as far as recreational matters are concerned since it has numerous parks and also the Appalachian Trail which is mostly used by stout hikers globally. The mountain ranges remain one of the most significant geographical and historical features in the world especially due to its uniqueness and size as well as its old age. Perhaps if the Appalachians could have been located in a different place it could still maintain its geogra phical influence but different cultural and economic influence2. The mountains could not affect the natives or the first settlers equally because there must have been different cultural background of the settlers. Suppose the Appalachians could have been located in Africa or Asia, initially the name and the culture of people around it would have been traced back to the original African or Asian culture. Even economic and social activities would have either slightly or greatly changed. Some of the features of the mountains especially the ice cover and vegetation cover may have also been altered depending on the climate and activities taking place in that particular region3. This is one of the pictures of some of the National Parks found within the Appalachian region which is known as Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains in western Virginia4. Culture of the people living around the Appalachian Mountains was a mixture of different cultures from England, Scotland and Ger many settlers who were seeking land, freedom and new opportunities thus making the region multi-cultural region especially at the modern age when most people around the world have gone to seek for employment. Some Americans also think that the Appalachians are not well educated and all these could be attributed to the fact that the regions’ topography could not favor infrastructural development. The Appalachians are not as civilized as other parts of America and are sometimes referred to as hicks, rednecks and hillbillies. The Appalachians greatly consider family values and togetherness5. European settlers greatly influenced the social disruption that also brought about environmental disruption especially due to introduction of plants and animals from Europe. The indigenous however initially depended on the valuable resources provided by the Appalachia region such as wildlife to be hunted, fish from the sparkling rivers as well as logs that helped them in building houses6. Th ere were also some unique cultures such as casual mountain dances practiced by the Appalachians. It is also worth noting that most of the Appalachians could not fully dwell on farming because the mountains were rocky and hilly thus hindering their ability to make a living out of farming. This led to some disheartening conditions such as widespread of poverty that eventually led to widespread disease infections and malnutrition amongst the population specifically the children7. Economic activities within the Appalachian regions varied from fishing, farming, manufacturing and commerce. There are also notable coals as well as natural gas in the Appalachian plateau as well as

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Assignment

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Assignment Example Since demand for money varies with interest rates, velocity also changes with changes in interest rates. Demand for money also depends upon the expectations about future interest rates. In an article published in The Globe and Mail on July 31, 2013, the author, Linda Stern, suggested to ignore advice such as â€Å"Don’t take a mortgage with you in retirement†, and â€Å"Older Folks should invest more conservatively† (Stern). In support to the view â€Å"Don’t take a mortgage with you in retirement†, it is stated in the article that carrying forward mortgages over a long period of time not only increases the risk of investment but also involves a greater expenditure on the side of the loan taker. Carrying a mortgage over a long period increases its value and interest, so it is advisable not to use a large amount when paying mortgages and instead to invest that extra amount in some other investment plans which may be beneficial in the long run. Earlie r payment of mortgages is related to the emotions of the loan-taker, reduces the risk and leads to savings due to lower interest payments. Ignoring the advice may be risky, but it may bring greater potential and stronger chance of capitalization since no one is aware of the opportunities that may come in the future. The situation will be more understandable from the following example. A person has $100,000 in cash and a 15-year mortgage with a balance of $100,000 at 4% interest. Case 1: The person decides to pay off his mortgage with the available cash and to invest the mortgage payment that would have to be paid per month (i.e. $739) for 15years at 7%. By paying the mortgage, the person saves %33,143, and at the end of 15 years investment amounts to $237,706. Case 2: The person decides not to pay the mortgage and invest cash of $100,000 for 15 years at 7% interest. After 15 years, the investment amounts to $284,894, and $33,143 are paid as interest for the mortgage. Subtracting the payment, a net gain of $251,751 is made by the person, if he/she decides to pay off the mortgage later. On deciding to pay off the mortgage, the person has received an emotional satisfaction, less risk and higher liquidity, but he/she has also suffered an opportunity loss of $14,045. Thus, every financial investment and debt is added to a price and risk, but decision is to be taken wisely. In support to the view â€Å"Older Folks should invest more conservatively†, it is stated in the article that when a person moves towards old age, he/she should either invest less in stocks or withdraw all money from stocks and invest in instruments which will guarantee returns with less amount of risk involved. They may choose to invest in certificate of deposits or bonds. Investment on guaranteed returns for short term may hold a support to the person at the time of retirement since it would assure a return at the end of the period. But ignoring the advice, it can be said that investment in bonds too can be a risky investment to the investor since future can only be assumed and not ascertained. If the interest rate rises in future, the bond holders may lose value, and investment will become riskier. Even with the rise in the expected rate of inflation the investor may face the same risk. Thus, the person may face the same

Advocacy in In Contempry America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advocacy in In Contempry America - Essay Example On July 27, 2007, Donald Rumsfeld is alleged to have written a memo to Condoleezza Rice concerning the situation in Iraq. The memo reveals that Condoleezza and Rumsfeld had discussed Iraq on numerous occasions (Doc4utv, 2014). The memo in ‘The Unknown Known’ also reveals that the initial goal of Rumsfeld was to weaken Saddam Hussein. The allegation, according to ‘The Unknown Known,’ is that Saddam was in possession of nuclear weapons that threatened global security. Back to ‘The Standard Operating Procedure,’ Morris seems to bring a connection between the two films by connecting Rumsfeld with the planning and execution of the Iraqi war. The visit of Rumsfeld to the prison in Iraq, where US soldiers resided, shows that Rumsfeld was trying to collect intelligence about the state of Iraq and how to weaken the influence of Saddam Hussein (Solplatform.org, 2014). This further indicates the relationship between Rumsfeld’s snowflakes and the photographs from Abu Ghraib. The prison visited by Rumsfeld in Iraq, as is indicated in ‘The Standard Operating Procedure,’ was to be used for the detention of suspected terrorists and any other parties that seemed to threaten the strategy of the US forces. Morris demonstrates a list of hundreds of memos written by Rumsfeld about Iraq. This is a  depiction of the interest that the secretary of defense had for Iraq and his revulsion for Saddam Hussein. In ‘the Standard Operating Procedure,’ Morris demonstrates that the invasion of Iraq by the US and the torture of the suspected Iraqi terrorists started immediately after the departure of Rumsfeld from the country. This demonstrates the connection that the secretary of defense had with the Iraqi war. It also confirms the subject of his memos in ‘The Unknown Known,’ where his main intention was to attack Iraq and bring down the authority of Saddam Hussein. This also emphasizes

Planning and Measuring Performance Essay Example for Free

Planning and Measuring Performance Essay Planning and Measuring Performance Planning and Measuring Performance This paper will discuss Hospital Corporation of America’s (HCA) goals of achieving industry-leading performance in clinical and satisfaction measures and recruiting and employing physicians to meet the need for high quality health services (University of Oregon Investment Group, 2011). This paper will also discuss which tools would be most effective in measuring the organization’s performance against the determined standards. The actual standards that HCA would use to measure the first goal of achieving industry-leading performance in clinical and satisfaction measures are set by The Joint Commission. According to Kicab Casta eda-Mendez (1999), achieving improved clinical performance and satisfaction measures requires performance measures in three areas: * To lead the entire organization in a particular direction. * To manage the resources needed to travel in this direction. * To operate the processes that make the organization work. According to Kicab Casta eda-Mendez (1999), these measures are: * Strategicto drive strategies into action and change the organizational culture. * Diagnosticto evaluate the effectiveness of these actions and the extent of change. * Operationalto improve continuously. The most effective tool to measure these improvements is benchmarking. Benchmarking against the top healthcare companies will determine if HCA is achieving industry-leading performance in clinical and satisfaction measures. Without benchmarking HCA could not determine if the company was leading the industry or if they were at the bottom of organizational ladder. HCA’s goal of hiring physicians to meet the need for high quality health services can be measured by determining the number of physicians need to accommodate the number of patients, determining the specialties/ sub-specialties the physicians are needed in, as well as measuring the retention rate of the physicians. The Balanced Scorecard would best fit this goal. The Balanced Scorecard allows the company to see the projected percentages and the actual percentages of the measurements. It also helps the company see what needs to be changed and gives direction for those changes. HCA can use benchmarking and the Balanced Scorecard to measure the different aspects of their goals. HCA will also be able to see the areas that need improvement and have some guidance into making these changes. With these tools HCA will be able to make an effective go at achieving their goals. References University of Oregon Investment Group (May 6, 2011). Hospital Corporation of America. Retrieved from http://uoinvestmentgroup. org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/HCA. pdf Casta eda-Mendez (1999). Performance Measurement in Healthcare. Retrieved from http://www. qualitydigest. com/may99/html/body_health. html

Financial Derivatives in Theory and Practice in China

Financial Derivatives in Theory and Practice in China CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Financial derivatives is often an efficient policy of the risk management which is been used in modern economy worldwide. The financial derivatives grow on huge scale and very significant into a well accepted definitions, measurement and the revelation of the conventional financial accounting essentials. The financial derivatives has many advantages and it is been used worldwide. Though, some risks occur in the use of financial derivatives. The management of the financial derivatives become more essential in the modern economy. With the rapid growth of the modern economy, more financial risk exists during the development process which involves the frequent use of financial derivatives, the use of the derivatives assist against a potential risks and use of financial derivatives also reveals to the user a huge risk. Financial derivatives are also important through the progress of financial derivatives. Globally, the world economy is fast growing which is leading to so many difficulties in the financial derivatives worldwide which are creating more problems for financial derivatives. However this problem requires the introduction of regulatory body such as government to take over in order to supervise the financial derivatives. The supervision of financial derivatives plays a vital role in modern economy while lack of regulation in financial derivation will lead the financial market into disorder, chaos and confusion. This might destroy the entires nations economy. Financial derivatives without regulation will attract a big potential economic risk. For the financial market globally, such economic crisis affects the economy worldwide. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY China has a huge economy which is growing rapidly. There various types of financial derivatives in china, which are widely used in the financial market. This research will analyze the financial derivative in Chinas financial market and also discuss the classic supervision (regulations) and the analysis of the performance of the supervision procedure. China financial market, its advantage and the risks that exist in the classic financial derivative in China will also be reviewed. This research will reveal major classic in the various types of financial derivatives in china and verify the uses of all the financial derivatives in order to demonstrate its performance of those financial derivatives. The supervision of financial derivatives will also lead to reviewing the Chinas financial environs. The major purpose of this research is to establish the usage of financial derivatives against the financial derivatives. The findings of the research from both the financial derivatives and role of supervision in China will provide an overall insight in the China financial market and also conclude by making some recommendation on the usage of financial derivation and the status of the supervision of financial derivatives in China. 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH This research reviews the overall literature on financial derivative in the past with a focus on the impact of the financial derivative, the benefits of the practise of financial derivative and the potential risk of the use of financial derivative. The supervision of the financial derivative analysis will be reviewed with the use of Journals and report. Subsequently, this research work will focus on the case study for the research methodology; the case study is the Chinas financial market. This research model information is gathered from both Chinas financial market and the supervision of the financial derivatives in China. Information is however collated in china using the position of a standard financial derivative in China. Using the position of a standard financial derivative in China, the analysis of financial market in China is reviewed with some journals and reports which was use as the data in support of the research and the most vital data is collected by the Chinese national statistics. The research will use both the qualitative and quantitative analysis method, this used to analyse the research data. From the research of classic financial derivative that is practise in China and the supervision of financial derivatives in China. This research will adapt the SLEPT method (Social factor, Legal factor, Economic factor, Political factor and Technological factor) to review the entire china financial markets while the SWOT (Strengthen, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) method will be used in reviewing the financial derivative in the direction of the Chinas financial market, the functions of the supervision of the financial derivatives in China will also be reviewed. Finally, there will be a brief conclusions and provide some recommendations on both China financial for market and supervision of the financial derivatives. The limitations of the study will be highlighted and references for further reading will also be listed at the end of this research. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVE The financial derivatives have a direct influence on the organization. A financial derivative is a good policy of risk management. Froot et al (1993) observed that the peak level of investment and capital spending are selected at the same time. They recommend that financial cost risk management should have a particular dominant goal, this enable the company to have access to cash to make a price improving investments. The risk management model rely on the fundamental premises that the essentials of establishing corporate value is creating good investment and the essentials to creating good investment is generating adequate cash within, in order to use it to find those investments. Nance et al (1993) and Mian (1994) discover a statistically important clear relationship between the tax credits and the practise of risk management instruments. Dolde (1995) reported a clear and an important relation between tax loss carry forwards and the practise of risk management instrument which include hedging. Dixon Bhandari (1997) found that calls for supervision through a rise in legislation are not generally accepted. Although the supervisory body main focus is that the stability of inter market could be strictly undermined without greater supervision. Guay (1999) studies financial derivative responsibilities in organizations by initiating derivatives practises. The outcomes were consistent with organization practising derivatives to hedge and not to expand, entity risk. Organization risk is measured in different ways which reduces following the use of derivatives. The study observes a decrease in risks and decisions to introduce derivatives programs vary from hedging. The outcome highlights the significance of hedge accounting laws that incorporate the influence of derivatives and hedged items at the same time. Fender (2000) discovers some basics of corporate finance of monetary economics examine the influence of corporate risk management policies on the monetary transmission system. They employed an easy model of a financial speed up to sort the information asymmetries, they are the core of the entire models of the transmission system, it establish motivation for corporate hedging activities, that is cash flow administration, they realise that these principles, in turn, reduce the influence of monetary policy degree which is lower to the clear cost of capital effect. Billing (2002), describe the reasons behind the protection and enlightened on how auditors should review the different problems raised from the utilisation of financial instrument. Heilliar et al (2004), access the influence of financial reporting standard 13: Derivatives and different financial instruments, implementations and disclosures which focus is on the treasury department responsibilities. The researchers deliberately conduct interviews with the workers of the UK treasury department in order to review their behaviours towards and observed the impact of FRS 13. At large, the treasurer reply at an advantage to the standard and carefully reviewed the narrative disclosure to be specifically useful. The numerical disclosures were comprehensive and focused. The rapid growth in the financial derivatives also has an influence on Chinas financial market. Ba Shusong (2004) believes that financial derivatives have played a vital role in the growth of Chinas market. Subsequently, El-Masry (2006) stated that big firms often used derivatives than average or smaller firms, public companies often use derivatives than the private companies. The use of derivatives is ultimate in the midst of international firms. The findings reveals that most firms that do not use derivative instrument is attributed to the fact their experiences are not important and the major reasons they avoid derivatives are, they focus on the experiences requires by FASB rules under derivatives activity, fees of creating and sustaining derivatives activities go beyond the expected profit, foreign exchange risk is often managed with derivatives and interest rate risk is often managed with derivatives and interest rate risk is risk that is subsequently managed risk and the study reveals that the main reason for the use of hedging with derivatives is supervising the volatili ty in liquidity. Bartram (2006) explores the incentive and use of non financial firms with respect to using options in managing risk activities. The study realize that an important number of 15 – 55% of the companies not within the financial sector practise the options which shows the fact that options are very flexible risk management instrument which can be useful to hedge different types of exposures both linear and non-linear, it also discover that it rely on the correlation between price and quantity risk, the optimal hedge portfolio involve different combination of both linear and non linear risk management instruments. The accounting ways and the effects of liquidity can influence the selection of derivatives. Eckstein et al (2008) study the impact of organization using derivatives which applies Statement of Financial Account Standards (SFAS) no 133; it shows the degree of cumulative effects of differences in accounting formulas from the annual income statement adopted, market response to earnings pronounced and the major effect of financial ratio. The outcome reveals that the important negative unpredicted returns were noticed around earnings pronouncement dates. Abnormal earnings correlate with the cumulative effect instead of the differences in earnings per share from operations which reveals that surprises connected to changes in accounting, it is also established that companies with resources unrealized profit and losses are connected to hedging with derivative instrument. 2.2 THE MERITS OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES There are several advantages of financial derivatives from 1990s McAllister and Mansfield (1998) studies the responsibilities and ability of financial derivatives investment property portfolio management and also focus on the difficulties of direct investment in commercial property. They also analyse and the major principles and all different types of derivatives, they rounded it up that the possibilities of financial derivatives to mitigate most of this difficulties which is connected with direct property investment that is studied. They also decided on Property Index Certificates (PIC) has been narrow down with shareholders and ought to produce rise in interest rate and the use of derivatives product within the assets both in the UK and global institutional shareholders. Tyler and Stanley (2002), Counter Sheedys call for further readings through the practical examination of the equity derivatives market in US and UK, quarrelling that while link in this market do, to a certain degree, showing features a typical of broader and indeed inherent, to over-the-counter derivative exchange. After that, Zivney et al (2006) discovers the possibilities of using dividend plans by individual shareholders. This plan was raised from the 2003 tax law changes which reduce tax rates on dividends received while abandoning the short term tax rate on capital losses unaffected. Freeman et al 2006, realize that the credit derivatives market is control by big banks and insurance firms who does business within themselves. The growth of credit derivatives market develops into more liquid and transparent. Freeman emphasize that thee a various easy and practical ways in which organisation can use credit derivatives to manage risk to show the empirical strengths and weakness of a particular approach. Klimczak (2008) produce a detailed assessment of the main contemporary firms hedging theories. The study focus on a sample of 150 companies listed on the Warsaw stock exchange which shows features shared by companies using hedge. 2.3 RISKS ATTACHED TO FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES From the above, the literature review shows various advantages of financial derivatives on the risk management of finance. However, some risk occurs in the operation of financial derivatives. Financial derivatives have been faced with so many criticisms this mostly is due to large loose because of leverage and borrowing. Laker (2008) examines that as the derivatives permit shareholders to earn huge returns from small movement in the basic assets price. Though shareholder might lose more money if the basic asset price moves against them drastically and the financial derivatives might expose shareholders to counter party risk and all types of financial derivatives have different risks at different level to this effect. Also financial derivatives will stand as an unsuitable large amount of risk for little and mostly for shareholders who lack experience as financial derivatives offers chances of huge rewards and so many attractions even to individual shareholders. However, speculation under derivatives most presumes a great deal of risk consisting commensurate experience and good market idea which favours a small shareholders, this is the purpose why some financial advisers are opposing the use of these instruments. Derivatives are complicated instrument as forms of insurance in transferring risk among a ll parties involve which presume an additional risk. Laker further identified that financial derivatives often have a huge estimated value, as a result of that there is a high level of risk and shareholders might lose much without been compensated. As stated by Berhire Hathaway inc. (2002) on the annual report, that there is a possibility that this could result in a chain reaction and subsequently in an economic crisis. Also Rawles (2006), financial derivatives enormously leverage within the economy, which makes it more complex for the basic real economy to facilitate its debt requirement and restricting the real economic functions which often lead to economic recession. 2.4 THE SUPERVISION OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES ANALYSIS The supervision of the financial derivatives should be acknowledged as both the advantage and risk are present in financial derivatives. Though, there few journals which analyse the supervision of financial derivatives, in the late 1990s, Shah (1996), identified that in the rise of huge losses from derivatives dealers and end users in modern years, many issues are being highlighted as regards the regulatory structure that is necessary to supervise and control the use of derivatives, it disagree that the principle in which the issue can be resolved by strict internal policies whereas regulators assume it is necessary for more precise oversight is misplaced though it still can be use for hedging, Derivatives involves high risk technology which often pose problems for regulations and its functions. Recently, Kern (2001), identified that the global regulation of financial markets became obvious in the 1970s with regards to post Bretton Woods liberalisation of financial markets. The removal of the fixed exchange rate equal the outcome of gold in the privatisation of finance risk, which established tension to eliminate the functions of cross border capital movements and more deregulation of the financial market. However, there is need for general regulatory body to build safe and reliable financial institutions such as bank through an efficient management as systemic risk in general market. Also it is necessary for international standards of supervision to also be acknowledged to avoid solvent in the financial institutions in one jurisdiction from the business to collapse to a less reputable institutions functioning in other jurisdictions whose rules only allowed cut rate financial services and more risky financial functions. The privatization of financial risk leads to establishm ent of financial institutions to blow out their risks over to many resources and functions which lead to an important rise in short term cross border portfolio asset which could reveal capital importing nation to increase system risk which was cause by volatility of such investments. Gilnen Tabak (2007) establish a new substitute for gathering information on risks that exists in financial institutions which assist in analysing the risk tools which are found in risk management. This method assists risk managers, supervisors in analysing the potential risk in financial institutions because of derivatives position. The main idea is the linear financial instrument which is also refer to the traditional method often used by management risk system it assist in decreasing roles in risk factors and defend the responsibilities of financial derivatives while the non-linear instrument have roles with different options which are represented as clear as European options. The study shows the propose method captured the risk occurrence in policies that consists of options with an accepted error margin. CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 CASE STUDY The case study of this research will be the Chinas financial market; this research analysis will focus on the Chinas financial market, together with growth of the socialist market of the real economic structure. Chinas financial market is growing with the ongoing exploration. Currently, Chinas financial Market is essentially established as a pure division of the financial system. Chinas financial Market has started forming and many financial commercial have been developed, this includes Bonds, Stock and commercial bills. The capital loan and a bargain securities markets were established steadily after 1985. During the 1988, treasury bonds were established in the transfer market in major and average cities in china. In 1990 shanghai stock exchange was created and 1991 Shenzhen stock exchange was also created. Both stock exchange in 1999, release 98 A shares and 117 subsidiary shares, increasing 87.7 billion Yuan, which increase the total number of companies listed to 976; the aggregat e increase in foreign capital is about US$610Million with the use of issuing B and H shares. China releases 1.5Billion Yuan of A shares which can be transferred into bonds. In 1994, 94.1 billion Yuan was realised from issuing and selling stocks. The level of the transaction in the stock exchange by 1999 surpass 5,000 billion Yuan and it was summed up to about 401.5billion Yuan which was the value of government bonds issued and 191.1 billion Yuan was government bonds value in cash. This fund has successfully improved the financial status of the listed companies and a rise in the sources of money for technological transformation of the public banks and financial markets. In the recent years, the financial market in China has been undergoing a rapid growth, Neftci and Yuan, Michelle (2006), stated that China financial markets shows about $2 trillion and are anticipating the market to grow to about $10trillion by 2008, the china financial market continues to expand its investment with a view to ensure that their operations are successful. 3.2 RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION They are different types of financial derivatives found in Chinas financial market which are vital for the growth of Chinas financial market. The use of the financial derivatives has led to many financial difficulties in the rapid growth of the financial system, there is need for regulators to be more effective and implement more laws on the supervision of the financial derivatives. This will help to determine and regulate the stability of both the China financial market and the supervision of financial derivatives in china. Classic materials similar to the financial market and financial derivatives in China will be use as a guide. Other source of materials will be from the internet, textbooks and journals. This research work is structure to determine the supervision of the financial derivatives in China. The China financial market is chosen as a case for the analysis. The source of the main data is from China, National Statistics of China; and few of the firms annual report will be used for the data analysis. This research work will focus on the nature of the Chinas financial market and the outcome of the financial derivatives in China and the supervision structure of the financial derivatives in China. The SLEPT (refer to Social factor, Legal factor, Economic factor, Political factor, Technological factor) method will be used to examine the general system of the China financial market, it will focus on the classic findings of financial derivatives and also on China financial system in order to examine the nature of the financial market in China. From the results, the research will be based on the nature of the financial derivatives in China to examine the impact, introduction, growth, transactions and practise of the financial derivatives on the Chinas financial market. This research will also examine the supervision of financial derivatives in Chinas financial market in agreement with related articles and also to make some recommendation on the supervision of the financial derivatives in China. 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS The qualitative and quantitative method is both used to analyze the data. Under the qualitative analysis method, the materials such as journals and all information gathered from the internet are related to Chinas financial market and the supervision of financial derivatives, the report of the classic financial organisation will all be gathered as part of the qualitative assistance to the analysis. Some major dialogue by the classic economist in China will also be the main issues for the qualitative analysis; this is due to lack of interviews by government officials and financial managers of most firms. Generally, the secondary materials used will be part of the quantitative analysis, which will certainly show the problem of this research. The quantitative method, this method of analysis is the data and information gathered from different firms. The most significant data is gathered from the China National Statistics. Other information and data are gathered from various reports from different firms. It is difficult to make a questionnaire with this research because the research problem is comprehensive. The major source of information and data are gathered from the internet and few reports from the government is the main structure for the quantitative analysis. The major limitations are the quantitative method in this research is the lack of an individuals observations and analysis on financial markets and the supervision of the financial derivatives. CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 4.1 CLASSICAL FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES USED IN CHINA China has commissioned a model in financial future exchange in 1990s. Ba Shusong (2006), stated that the core financial derivatives are the foreign exchange futures, stock index futures, warrants, convertible bonds and national debt future. Few of the do not function any more, although model is not so successful, it was importance for a lot of valuable experiences. However, with the growth in China financial market, the financial derivatives perform well and will return to China financial market and a fresh product which correspond to the requirements of the growth of economy; this will be additional expansion and will certainly play a vital role in the Chinas financial market. Foreign Exchange futures; Gregory (1995) stated that inside the foreign exchange market, each price in a market is a relative price, which shows an equal rate. In the late 1980s and from the beginning of 1990s, China was completely accommodating for financial derivatives and control method of suitable opened. From 1984, the local enterprises and companies can trade the offshore foreign exchange futures via the stock broking company. This will assist in requirement for hedging of local banks corporations and swap the foreign exchange role. The first ever foreign exchange swap of China exchange market was commissioned June 1992 in shanghai. The transaction in the foreign exchange futures in local have been displayed and developed from time to time. Later on, the Shenzhen foreign exchange centre was due for approval of foreign exchange futures transactions. (Ma Qingquan 2003). Ma Qingquan (2003), later on access the inner and external foreign exchange future and realize that they all have some difficulties which enable the government of Chinese to take a bold step to resolve and restructure the foreign exchange market. From 1993 to 1995, during this era, the Chinese government has continuously ordered the closure of unlawful foreign exchange futures brokerage firms. All the local foreign exchange in China did not operate extensively due to absence of regulators which lead to failure of the implementation. National debt futures; the national debt future is another method of interest rate futures; it is after the most growth of financial futures in China. The national debt future was originally found December 1992 in china. The shanghai stock exchange commission was the first contact of national debt future. In the year 1993, the transaction scope of the general debt futures had been worn out mainly, the individuals and brokers was given access to the market. The Beijing commodity exchange also welcomes the transaction of national debt futures. However, the national debt future was unripe for development; this follows the 314 contract irregularities storm in Shanghai stock exchange in Sept 1994 and 327 contract irregularities storm in February 1995 also emerge. May 1995, concluded the transaction of national debt future which finally collapse. Convertible Bonds; Convertible bonds are part of growing process of the growth of Chinas Stock market. Basically convertible bonds have a slight resemblance with stock options. (A stock option is also known as executive stock options). Little (2008) refer to a convertible bond is a kind of bond that can be switch into shares, bonds in an issuing firm. Mostly a few pre-announced proportion which is hybrid safety with same debt and equity characteristics. Ba Shusong (2006), the convertible bonds have experienced and discovered in over a decade since its first implementation in China, they have been known with many groups and they continue to progress and grow since the growth of the recent social economy of China. The convertible bonds are financial derivatives which agree with state of the growth of China economy. It will grow more and further along with the growth of the Chinas financial market. Warrant, this is a type of derivative protection that gives the owner the ability to buy security direct from the issuer at a given price within a specific period. Warrant are mostly part in a fresh issue which is refer to sweetener this is just to attract the shareholder. Between 1992 to 1996, China has commissioned a lot of warrants, which include sock warrant La Dai Fei, others are Ba oan 93 and Fuzhou East in Shanghai stock market while others warrant was also commissioned in Shenzhen stock market. This include Gui Liugong, Xia Haifa, Min minding, Xiang Zhongyi. However, because of the uncontrolled speculation of warrants, there are important speculations in the drop prices of warrants. The operations of the warrants were dismissed by the national regulatory body in June 1996. The reason for the dismissed is due to absence of regulators of the financial derivative. Hence, it is observed that the supervision and regulation on all types of Financial derivative is very important tha n the operation of the financial derivative. As soon as financial derivatives is in operation there is need for government to present a supervision in order to regulate the operations and function of financial derivatives therefore the financial derivatives will grow with health except if it will be dismissed at the closing stages due to the disorder of the financial market. In conjunction with the reform of the part construct of warrants, the issue of the warrants were present in the outline again. This is due to bearish and bullish choices with the features of the warrants. It has been an efficient way in the movement for safety of the interests of investors and simultaneously, it leads to rise in flexible payment of the price of the movement of non-investors. According to Xu Peng (2007) since 2007, 27 warrants have been registered in shanghai and Shenzhen stock market. Stock Index Futures; In March 1993, stock index futures surfaced in Chinas Hainan securities and exchange center, which showed as Shenzhen composite index and Shenzhen A share index. This is in line with the global practise, such as creation of deposit system. Unfortunately, stock market was not huge enough; the trading activities stopped functioning in the same 1993 due to speculation inside the market. Ba shusong (2006) further stated that 14years after, (April 2007), After the official commissioning of the Future Exchange Management Regulations, the stock index futures has reverted given that it has been compelled to shut down 14years earlier. This revert will certainly become an important discussion for everyone and local institutions. 4.2 STANDARD SUPERVISION OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES USED IN CHINA The standard supervision of financial derivatives in China can be categorise into 3, namely, the Risk management, this is the major body of the supervision of financial derivatives, the core regulator of the financial market which is a vital way to regulate the financial derivatives and the creation of rules for financial derivatives which is protection for the supervision of the financial derivatives. 4.2.1 RISK MANAGEMENT This involve the risk management of the market, the risk management of credit, risk management of liquidity, risk management of operation and legal risk management. Risk management of market; this is refer to as the loss in the rise and fall of interest rates, exchange rate and stock prices. Market risk management shows the status of a bank in a market in order to grow the number of frequency and times of the market estimation. Lu wendao (2007), refer this technique of market risk appraisal used in China financial market is to compute the potential of changes in the market price, the exposure of risk and to grow contingency policies in order to enable the right of assessment and to accept the changes in the market. Risk management of credit; The risk management of credit failure is to implement derivatives agreements or breach of contract of financial derivatives credit risk which means when the financial institutions such as banks decide to emulate a transaction which is in agreement with certain regulations. It is recommended that bank should focus more on risk diversification rather than avoiding more concentration of transactions. The risk management of liquidity; Xu and Peng (2007), management of liquidity risk is t

Modes of Expression of Anger in Adolescents

Modes of Expression of Anger in Adolescents Introduction Aggression is a behavior that harms the security of the sufferers and causes pain or injury to others. (Townsend, 2006) Anger can be expressed in different ways such aswords, fists, weapons etc. which may result in bitter outcomes. Aggression is common in both of the genders regardless of their age. Adolescents are the vulnerable population in terms of aggression which can cause negative outcomes in their late life and results in poor adjustments and academic difficulties. Risk Behavior and Target Population Problems of aggressive behaviors in adolescents are growing seriously day by day (Olweus, 2001). The behaviors involve aggression against colleagues, teachers and friends(Astor, Pitner, Benbenishty, Meyer, 2002). Aggression is a risk health behavior in adolescents which can lead to depression and suicidal attempts(Herrero, Este ´vez, Musitu, 2006).Adolescents who suppress their anger are at high risk to be depressed and experience the feeling of hopelessness. Moreover, suicidal attempts are more serious in such adolescents. In contrast, adolescents who express their anger are at high risk to have family related problems (Olweus, 2005). The association between aggressive behaviors in adolescents and social health problems are related to family issues and schooling adjustment issues (MusituGarcÄ ±Ã‚ ´a, 2004). Moreover, the aggressive adolescents show lower level of empathy (Olweus, 2005). Aggressive adolescents strive for social recognition (RodrÄ ±Ã‚ ´guez, 2004).Desir e of becoming powerful in adolescents leads to disruptive behavior (Buelga, Ravenna, Musitu, Lila, 2006). Therefore it is very important to assess the mode of anger expression in adolescents to identify their health risk behaviors. The target population is adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years. (Add who definition of adolescents) Rationales A questionnaire has been developed in order to assess the level and expression of aggressionamong adolescents. This questionnaire will also help to identify the sex, age differences and ethnic background of these adolescents.Furthermore, it will give an understanding of the risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors which is one of the important steps in developing the strategies for prevention of aggression. Gender, age educational status and ethnic background are important aspects in order to know the vulnerability of adolescents for aggression.(Goldberg, Sweeney, Merenda Hughes, 1997) Therefore, it is important to study these demographic variables because each individual is different from another individual. Aggression causes continues depressive symptoms such as loneliness, self-esteem and externalizing behavior in victimized adolescents. (Prinstein, Boergers, Vernberg, 2001). Adolescents with experience of aggression burst out their anger either verbally or physically. If anger is not managed properly, it results in poor social skills with cognitive distortions (Nelson Finch, 2000).Furthermore; it also leads to physical problems such as migraine, headaches, ulcers in adolescents (Townsend, 2006). Purpose, Variables and Hypothesis The aim of this research is to identify the modes of expression of anger in adolescents in relation to physical, psychological and social health risks. The independent variable is anger whereas physical, psychological and social health problems are dependent variable The hypotheses to be tested in the study are as follows: There is an association between suppression of anger and physical and psychological health problems There is an association between improper expression of anger and social health problems (interference with relationships) The hypothesis will be tested by using chi square test of independence because the level of measurement is qualitative categorical in nature. Chi square procedure is employed to test hypothesis because it best suites with form of data and study question. It is used to see the association between the two qualitative variables which do not show any causal relationship. Thus the chi-square statistic is used to test the hypothesis of association between two groups. The assumptions for chi-square test are taken into consideration when the data are qualitative categorical, the observed number in each category can be compared to an expected number and all the expected counts are greater than or equal to five. (add blueman reference here) Operational Definition Anger Anger is a strong emotion that creates a pressure inside you in response to a harm or wrong act experienced by you. Suppression of anger When an individual feels anger and do not express it. Inappropriate expression of anger When an individual feels anger and express it by harming others. Physical health problems When the normal functioning of the body is affected due to uncontrolled emotions like anger and leads to headache, ulcers etc. Psychological health problems When an individual’s ability to enjoy life and expression of emotions becomes maladaptive it leads to low self esteem and depression. Social health problems When an individual is unable to maintain healthy relationships with other people due to anger it leads to isolation. Questionnaire Analysis We filled the questionnaire as well as asked three other colleagues to fill the questionnaire and identified the difficulties which they faced during completing the form. One of the difficulties identified was problem in remembering the key for the questions on the second page as the key was written only on the first page and it was difficult to go back and forth to see the key. In order to resolve this problem, we will add the keys on the every page of the questionnaire. The Questionnaire Instructions Please read all the questions carefully, there is no right or wrong question. Use the key given below and circle the appropriate number which you think is most relevant to you. Demographic Data Age of respondent (in years): Birth order of the respondent: Gender of respondent: Class in which you read: Years of education: Number of family members: Number of siblings in the family: - Parent’s marital status: - Ethnicity of respondent: - Risk behavior data Key 1- Never, 2- Occasionally, 3- Often, 4- Frequently, 5- Always Do you get angry?12345 Do you express your anger?12345 Do you shout on others when you feel angry?12345 Do you beat others when you are angry?12345 Do you throw objects when you are angry?12345 Do you suppress your anger?12345 Do you feel headache when you are angry? 12345 Do you cry when you get angry?12345 Do you experience tremors when you get angry?12345 Do you isolate yourself when you get angry?12345 Do you share your feelings with your friends/siblings/parents when you are angry? 12345 Do you think recreational activities (music, games, outings etc.) can decrease your anger? 12345 Do you perform prayer when you get angry?12345 Do you feel bad about yourself when you get angry?12345 Do you feel relax after expression of your anger?12345 Do you continue your relationship with whom you expressed anger? 12345 Do you feel loss of control when you get angry?12345 Do you feel to take revenge from others?12345 Do you want to harm yourself?12345 Do you like fighting games and wrestling?12345 Do you say sorry to others after you express your anger to others? 12345 Do you accept sorry from others?12345 Do you think about the consequences of your actions? 12345 Do you reflect on your actions?12345 Do you feel difficulty in concentration due to anger?12345 Do your studies affect due to your anger?12345 References: Astor, R., Pitner, R. O., Benbenishty, R., Meyer, H. A. (2002). Public concern and focus on school violence.In L. A. Rapp-Paglicci, A. R. Roberts, J. S. Wodarski (Eds.), Handbook of violence. New York: Wiley. Buelga, S., Ravenna, M., Musitu, G., Lila, M. S. (2006). Epidemiology and psychosocial risk factors associated with adolescent’s drug consumption. In S. Jackson, L. Goossens (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent development. UK: Psychology Press. Goldberg, L. R., Sweeney, D., Merenda3, P. F., Hughes, J. E. (1997).Demographic variables and personality.Person Individ diff 24(3), 393-403. Herrero, J., Este ´vez, E., Musitu, G. (2006). The relationships of adolescent school- related deviant behavior and victimization with psychological distress: Testing a general model of the meditational role of parents and teachers across groups of gender and age. Journal of Adolescence, 29(5), 671–690. Musitu, G., GarcÄ ±Ã‚ ´a, F. (2004).Consecuencias de la socializacio ´ n familiar en la culturaespanËÅ" ola. Psicothema, 16, 288–293 Nelson, W. M., Finch, A. J., Ghee, A. C. (2006).Anger management with children and adolescents.Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures, 114-159. Olweus, D. (2001). Olweus, core program against bullying and antisocial behavior: A teacher handbook. Bergen: Research Centre for Health Promotion Olweus, D. (2005). Bullying at school: Data and intervention. In IX international meeting about biology and sociology of violence: violence and school, Valencia, Spain. Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(4), 479-491. RodrÄ ±guez, N. (2004). Guerraenlasaulas [War in the classrooms]. Madrid: Temas de Hoy. Townsend, M. C. (2006). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concept of care in evidance-based practice. (5th ed.). Oklahoma: Davis companyPhildelphia.

Leonardo Da Vinci :: Visual Arts Paintings Art

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci is a world renowned Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist. His curiosity for the things around him and the research was the fundamental point of his artistic and scientific accomplishments. His creations in painting influenced Italian art centuries after his death and his scientific studies (anatomy, optics and hydraulics) have helped made many developments of modern science. His famous paintings for example the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper are known world wide. People crave to own his paintings, or even just to have a look at them; Leonardo had influenced everyone up to this present day. Even Bill Gates used $30 million US for Leonardo’s painting ‘Codex Leicester’! Who is this remarkable man? And what did he do that taught the world to look at art and science in a new perspective? Leonardo told us that he was born on April 15th 1952 in the city of Vinci in Italy and was the son of a notary and a peasant girl. His parents had a lot of kids, but not with each other and having him ending up with 17 half sisters and brothers. He said that living in Vinci was the place where he developed his creativity and interest in nature. He was also exposed to the ancient Vinci painting tradition at that time. In 1466, he moved to Florence where he was apprenticed in the famous workshop of ‘Andrea Del Verrochio’. While working there, he painted an angel in Verrochio’s ‘Baptist of Christ’. His painting was so much better than his master that Verrochio never painted again. In 1482, Leonardo wrote a letter to the Duke of Milan telling him that he could build portable bridges that would enable dry routes for people to travel. At this time, he carried notebooks and started to keep all his ideas, opinions on everything including domestic, personal, scientific and philosophical along with explanatory sketches. These notebooks were full of advice for science and art not only for the people in the Renaissance but also useful painters now. The Duke gave lots of jobs to him that included designing weapons, buildings and machinery. He produced lots of ideas for nature, flying machines, geometry and mechanical things. His eager to start new things made it hard for him to complete the things that he had started making him only completing 6 of 17 works that he had done. He started to find himself interested in painting, architecture, the elements of mechanics and human anatomy from 1490 to 1495. He spent this time studying science or locking himself up in his room

Motifs In A Prayer For Owen Me :: essays research papers

Owen Meany Motif   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving has many different motifs. One dominant motif is armlessness. Armlessness was a reoccurring motif throughout the story and came up in many occasions. It seems to symbolize helplessness or being under your own control. There are a variety of things throughout the novel that gives off that feeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The armadillo was very dear to John. He had gotten it from Dan Needham the only gift he kept from one of his mother’s beaus. It had great sentimental value to him and to young Owen who had also become attached to it. That’s why it showed great emotional distress on Owen’s part when he removed the claws of the armadillo. He did this when he had hit Johnny’s mother with the foul ball that killed her. Dan had interpreted it as trying to say that Owen was helpless now and that he couldn’t do anything to change what he had done on accident. Though that might be the partial truth it could also symbolize something different. Almost saying that he is the armadillo and he wasn’t in control of himself, but was the instrument of God. His hands were not his own. Though the armadillo never recovered from the declawing, it had mended John and Owen’s friendship and helped ease some of the pain of that situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The statue of Mary Magdalene sat in front of a concrete arch. “She was like a goalie protecting her goal,'; John had noted. Owen had sawn off her arms when he was expelled from Gravesend Academy. This might also symbolize Owen’s helplessness, not being able to change what had happened. When the statue is returned John notes that she is unable to protect her goal.

Brave New World Essay -- essays research papers

Ivan Denisovich essay In his 17th century pem, â€Å"To Althea from Prison†, Richard Lovelace tells us that â€Å"stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage.† Thus Lovelace introduces and makes the reader familiar with the paradoxical nature of freedom. This paradox is raised again when comparing two legitimate visions of the modern world: Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich vividly describes and allows the reader to live through life in a prison, where an individuals rights are stripped away, and Brave New World introduces the reader to a fantasy world filled with sex, drugs, and a total lack of inhibition and self-reserve. Although apparently unrelated, both novels together describe what could be considered a modern hell. In Solzhenitsyn’s novel Shukov is stripped of his rights and his free will, while Huxley’s characters are stripped of independen ce of thought and brainwashed into mindless decadence. A comparison of the worlds created by Solzhenitsy and Huxley prompts us to redefine imprisonment of freedom, yet the brain that is enslaved in Huxley’s novel is truly less free than the body enchained in Solzhenitsyn gulag.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander Solzhenitsyn carefully and tediously depicted what life is like in a prison. Ivans monotonous life prompts the reader initially to think that Ivans day is a living death of tedious details. Yet, in truth, Ivan i...

Pretty Woman

The film Pretty Woman is a 1990 romantic comedy set in Los Angeles, California which takes place just following the 80’s era. The story of Pretty Woman centers on a Hollywood prostitute Vivian Ward who gets hired by a very wealthy businessman, (Edward Lewis), to be at his beck and call or escort for several business and social functions. During that time, they gradually begin to develop a relationship over the course of Vivian’s week-long stay in his suite. Edward then takes his lawyer’s exotic Lotus S4 Esprit and heads down Hollywood Boulevard where he took a detour to ask for directions.He has no other choice but to ask a nearby beautiful prostitute by the name of Vivian, who is willing to help him reach his point of destination. Edward hires Vivian to stay with him for an entire week as an escort for his social meetings and events. Vivian then makes a point that â€Å"it is going to cost him,† so in agreement he offers her three thousand dollars and acc ess to all his credit cards. He then tells Vivian that she needs to dress more appropriately so he sends her shopping on Rodeo Drive, only to be snubbed by saleswomen who disdain her because of her immodest clothing.Vivian runs into the hotel manager and he happily helps her buy a dress because she is with Mr. Lewis. When Vivian’s week is up, Edward tends to her and tries convincing her to stay. Vivian heads home with her friend Kit. Edward then travels to Vivian’s apartment and climbs up the fire escape, despite his fear of heights, with a rose between his teeth, to convince her. The film ends as the two of them kiss on the fire escape with a visual urban romantic metaphor being displayed.

Buddhism: The Foundation, Development and Beliefs

Though the other divisions of Buddhism have altered their gives to accommodate the needs of a wider tend of populate, Theravada has remained virtu spotlesslyy the same as it was at its founding. Theravada Buddhism is the professional and intimately popular discrepancy of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar. Theravada remains closest to the sure teachings of the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha Gautama is the original founder of every last(predicate) forms of Buddhism. He was born in gift day Nepal somewhat 563 B. C. E. He was a prince of the Shakyas clan, and alike(p)ly heir to his fathers throne.He was named Siddhartha which means he who has attained his goals. beingness the prince of the warrior caste, he trained in the tenderistic discipline of war and grew up to be a strong and hand nearwhat early days man. When he was at the age of sixteen, he fought and foiled his competitors in a manikin of sports, which win him the hand of the beautiful princess Yashodhara, who was also sixteen years old at the age. He continued living in the high liveliness of his castles. Soon, however, he grew restless and began to wonder what happens outdoor(a) the palace. He make uptually insisted to be permitted to serve out of the palace so he back tooth retrieve his pot and his lands.For dismay of the prince leading a religious life, the superpower ordered that completely young and legal large number should greet the prince so that he w grim not see the variety show of misfortunate. However, even with the kings detailed orders, he still caught sight of a couple of old men, who accidentally wandered unspoilt the parade route, at Kapilavatthu, the capital. Curious of who these people were, he chased after them. He then came to a place where some people atomic number 18 desperately ill and even came across a funeral observation by the side of the river, seeing finis for the first time in his life.S iddhartha adage four sights a sick man, a poor man, a beggar, and a corpse. When he caught sight of these, his heart soon modify with vast loneliness for the despicable that humanness has to go through. He then asked his genius and squire Chandaka what those things meant. Chandaka told him that all of us aim old, sick and eventually, die, saying that these truths should have been told to him before. (Boeree, 1999). He said upon seeing these realities When stolid people see someone who is old, they are stimulate and horrified, even though they overly allowing be old some day. I thought to myself I fagt want to be like the carnal people.After that, I couldnt tincture the plebeian intoxication with youth anymore. When unknowledgeable people see someone who is sick, they are stir and horrified, even though they too will be sick some day. I thought to myself I dont want to be like the ignorant people. After that, I couldnt feel the usual intoxication with health anymore. When ignorant people see someone who is dead, they are disgusted and horrified, even though they too will be dead some day. I thought to myself I dont want to be like the ignorant people. After than, I couldnt feel the usual intoxication with life anymore. (AN III.39, interpreted) (Boeree, 1999) He also saw an severe or a monk who has wedded all the pleasures and cravings of the flesh. What struck Siddhartha the most is the pacifistic expression on the monks face, which left a deep sentiment on him. Going back to the palace after this and despite having what appeared to be the unblemished life of luxury, Siddhartha became very discontent with the cloth terra firma and indomitable to leave his family. He realized that he could no extended live happy with the thought that, even with all their luxury, there would still distinguish a time that he will suffer and die.With these thoughts, he soon wondered what he may do so that he can overcome suffering, more than anything else . He left his privileged life as a prince and ran a instruction to the forest in search of spiritual under pedestaling. For a while, he studied with two hearty-known gurus of that time scarcely soon found that their practice is not enough to answer his question. That was when he began to hold fast the practices of a group of pentad ascetics austerities and penances. For six years, he practiced with uttermost(a) sincerity and intensity that the louvre ascetics became his chase before long. However, he still did not find the answers he was looking for.He decided to double his efforts by refusing food and water until he was in a earth of near death. One day, Sujata, a crank girl saw this starving monk. She took pity on him and offered him to eat some of her milk-rice. Soon, he realized that self-mortification still do not help him answer his questions. He decided to carry out a practice that will be midst way between the extremes of luxurious and self-mortification life. F or many days, Siddhartha sat beneath a particular fig tree, called the bodhi tree, in the townspeople of Bodh Gaya, vowing that he will never stand up until he found the answers to the paradox of suffering.At first, he deeply concentrated in clearing his mind from all distractions, and afterwards on, in mindless meditation. They said that he started to recall all his previous lives, and see everything that was going on in the entire universe. He became the Buddha, meaning he who is wind up, with the rising of the morning star on the full moon of May, when he lastly found the answers he was looking for (Hooker, 1996). He spent the next forty five years teaching others astir(predicate) the style to enlightenment. After an exhaustive ministry he died around 483 B. C. E. During his life, none of Siddhartha Gautamas teachings were ever written down.During the chase c years after his death, Buddhism get around throughout India and Sri Lanka. A group of Buddhistic monks held a cou ncil in the Capital urban center of Patna, during the third century B. C. E. , to come to a consensus on what the original teachings of Siddhartha were. When the council came to agreement about Siddharthas true original teachings, the teachings became the doctrine of Theravada Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism has not deviated from this doctrine since. Theravada Buddhisms main goal is for the somebody practitioner to reach Nirvana.This is accomplished by realizing the very foundation of Buddhism which was the iv horrible Truths The Four Noble Truths 1. ) All human life is suffering (dhukka ). 2. ) All suffering is caused by human passion, particularly the desire that impermanent things be permanent. 3. ) Human suffering can be ended by ending human desire. 4. ) Desire can be ended by succeeding(a) the Eightfold Noble Path even up understanding, refine thought, set speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right tautness (Bullitt, 2005).The pr actitioner must also postdate the Eight Fold Path 1. ) right view, 2. ) right resolve, 3. ) right speech, 4. ) right action, 5. ) right livelihood, 6. ) right effort, 7. ) right mindfulness, and 8. ) right concentration. The council all also agreed in practicing the Four Cardinal virtues which were friendliness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. During the onset of Buddhism, the religion comprised of only very few followers qualification it relatively insignificant among the vast variety of Hindu sects.But when Asoka, the great Mauryan emperor born-again to Buddhism in the third century BC, the young and insignificant religion soon expand profusely throughout India and was carried across the Indian Ocean to Sri Lanka. save like rumors sort as they are spread from person to person, Buddhism was slightly altered over time. The original form Theravada Buddhism, held its ground in Sri Lanka as the Buddhists of Sri Lanka maintained a form that was most similar to the original form o f Siddharthas teachings. On the other hand, the rest of India, then the world in general later on, Buddhism confused into a million sects and versions.Theravada Buddhism requires intensive meditation. To follow his form of Buddhism requires the practitioner to devote a lifetime to its practice, thus making it ambitious or even imposable for the average upstart person to commit to such an undertaking. despite the extreme demands of Theravada Buddhism, it is gaining popularity in Singapore, Australia as well as other parts of the westbound world. There are over 100 million Theravada Buddhists worldwide. Theravada has had less success spreading than other forms of Buddhism.Forms of Buddhism such as venereal disease are much more substance abuser friendly and are less demanding. Theravada Buddhism top executive not be the most popular, but it remains true to teachings of the genius who founded the religion. Just as well, Buddhism is in fact, a way of life. References Boeree, D. C. G. (1999). The Life of Siddhartha Gautama. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from http//webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/siddhartha. html Bullitt, J. (2005). What is Theravada Buddhism? Hooker, R. (1996). The Historical Siddhartha Electronic Version. Retrieved February 21, 2007 from http//www. wsu. edu/dee/BUDDHISM/SIDD. HTM.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.